Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav dynamometer yog ib qho cuab yeej los ntsuas qhov loj ntawm lub zog. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, txhua qhov kev ntsuas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib piv ib qho ntawm lub cev muaj nuj nqis nrog tus qauv (piv txwv li, chav tsev). Kev ntsuas lub zog yog txheej txheem ntawm kev sib piv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub zog nrog lub zog paub. Yog hais tias cov nyhuv ntawm ib tug quab yuam yog tib yam li ntawm ib tug quab yuam ntawm 1 N, qhov loj ntawm lub zog yog 1 N. Qhov thib ob, qhov elongation ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog proportional rau qhov loj ntawm lub zog thov. Tom qab txiav txim siab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm 1 N quab yuam, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los txiav txim siab cov nyhuv ntawm lub zog loj thiab lub zog me me. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua thiab tuaj yeem rov qab siv dua. Yog li ntawd, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav dynamometer tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas qhov loj ntawm lub zog.
Multimeter, tseem hu ua multiplexer, multimeter, peb-meter, multimeter, thiab lwm yam, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntsuas ntsuas nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim electronics thiab lwm yam departments. Feem ntau, nws yog siv los ntsuas qhov voltage, tam sim no thiab tsis kam. Multimeters muab faib ua pointer multimeters thiab digital multimeters raws li hom zaub. Nws yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntau yam thiab ntau yam ntsuas. Feem ntau, lub multimeter tuaj yeem ntsuas DC tam sim no, DC voltage, AC tam sim no, AC voltage, tsis kam thiab suab qib, thiab lwm yam, thiab qee qhov kuj tuaj yeem ntsuas AC tam sim no, capacitance, inductance thiab semiconductor. Qee qhov parameter (xws li) thiab lwm yam.
Lub suab ntsuas ntsuas yog qhov ntsuas suab nrov tshaj plaws. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob, tab sis nws txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li voltmeter. Thaum hloov lub teeb liab acoustic rau hauv lub teeb liab hluav taws xob, nws tuaj yeem simulate lub sij hawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg pob ntseg teb ceev rau lub suab yoj; tus yam ntxwv zaus nrog sib txawv rhiab heev rau siab thiab tsawg zaus thiab cov yam ntxwv siv ntawm kev hloov cov zaus tus yam ntxwv ntawm txawv nrov. Yog li ntawd, lub suab theem ntsuas yog ib tug subjective electronic instrument.
Lub oscilloscope yog ib qho cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ntau yam. Nws tuaj yeem hloov qhov pom tsis pom hluav taws xob rau hauv cov duab pom, uas yooj yim rau tib neeg los kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Oscilloscopes siv lub nqaj nqaim ntawm high-speed electrons los tawm tsam phosphor-coated screen los tsim cov me me ntawm lub teeb. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub teeb liab ntsuas, lub teeb hluav taws xob yog zoo li lub taub ntawm tus cwj mem, uas tuaj yeem piav qhia txog qhov hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi tam sim ntawm qhov ntsuas ntsuas ntawm qhov screen. Siv lub oscilloscope, koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov waveforms ntawm ntau lub teeb liab amplitudes hloov nrog lub sijhawm, thiab koj tuaj yeem siv nws los ntsuas ntau yam hluav taws xob, xws li voltage, tam sim no, zaus, theem sib txawv, amplitude modulation, thiab lwm yam.
